第三套-雅思真题错题解析

https://ieltsonlinetests.com/score/31375961?passage=3

The Exploration of Mars对火星的探索

正确率：9/14

  • 第一题 Martian evidence on Earth在地球上发现的与火星有关的证据或迹象
    The Martian meteorite found in Earth aroused doubts to the above analysis. ALH84001 meteorite was discovered in December 1984 in Antarctica, by members of the ANSMET project; The sample was ejected from Mars about 17 million years ago and spent 11,000 years in or on the Antarctic ice sheets. (p.D, l.1-4)
    在地球上发现的火星陨石对以上的分析产生了疑问。ALH84001陨石在1984年12月由ANSMET项目的成员在南极洲发现；这个样本大约在1700万年前从火星被抛射出来，并在南极洲的冰层上或其中度过了1.1万年的时间。（参考文献D，第1-4行）
    因此正确答案选D

  • 第四题 the project which aims to identify life under similar condition of Mars该项目旨在识别火星类似状况的生活
    Researchers from the Center of Astrobiology (Spain) and the Catholic University of the North in Chile have found an ‘oasis’ of microorganisms two meters below the surface of the Atacama Desert, SOLID, a detector for signs of life which could be used in environments similar to subsoil on Mars.
    来自西班牙天体生物学中心和智利北部天主教大学的研究人员发现，在阿塔卡马沙漠地下两米深的地方，存在着一个微生物的“绿洲”。他们还开发了一种名为”SOLID”的探测器，用于探测类似于火星地下土壤的环境中的生命迹象。
    similar condition = environments similar
    因此正确答案选G

  • 第七题 How did Percival Lowell describe Mars in this passage?
    Dedicated water and agriculture trace is similar to the earth.专用的水和农业痕迹类似于地球。

Percival Lowell, made a series of observations of Mars from his own observations of Mars from his own observatory at Flagstaff, Arizona, USA. Lowell was convinced a great network of canals had been dug to irrigate crops for the Martian race! He suggested that each canal had fertile vegetation on either side, making them noticeable from Earth.
珀西瓦尔·洛厄尔（Percival Lowell）从他自己在美国亚利桑那州弗拉格斯塔夫（Flagstaff）的天文台观察到的火星观察到了一系列的火星观察。洛厄尔（Lowell）坚信，很棒的运河网络已被挖出来为火星比赛灌溉农作物！他建议每条运河的两侧都有肥沃的植被，从而使它们在地球上引人注目。
因此正确答案选C

  • 第九题 In 1960s, which information is correct about Mars by a number of Probes sent to the space?
    The photos taken in 1965 results in a surface more similar to the moon than to the earth
    1965年拍摄的照片显示的地表更类似于月球而不是地球
    It was not as vivid as the earth它不像地球那么生动, 因此正确答案选B

  • 第十四题 According to Victor Parro, their project will be deployed on Mars after they identified DNA substance on earth.
    根据Victor Parro的说法，在他们在地球上鉴定出DNA物质之后，他们的项目将在火星上部署。
    正确答案是NOT GIVEN

生词笔记

Martian 火星
meteorite 陨石
ejected from被迫离开或被驱逐出某个地方或组织
“Subsoil” 和 “underground” 在某种程度上可以表示相似的意思，但它们并不完全相同。
“Subsoil” 是指土壤的下层，即地表以下的土壤层。它通常包括较深的土壤、岩石、矿物质和其他地下层次的材料。”Subsoil” 可以是地表以下几英尺到几十英尺深的范围。
“Underground” 则更广泛地指的是地下的区域，包括地下的空间、地下通道、地下设施等。它涵盖了地下的各种地质和人工结构，如地下洞穴、隧道、地下矿井、地下室等。”Underground” 的范围更广泛，不仅仅限于土壤层。

因此，”subsoil” 更专注于描述土壤的下层，而 “underground” 涵盖了更广泛的地下空间和结构。

oasis在干旱或沙漠地区中的一片绿洲或宜居的地方
Canals 运河
microorganisms微生物

Global warming: Prevent poles from melting

正确率：4/13

  • 第十五题 the existence of geoengineering projects distracting from the real task of changing the way we live地球工程项目的存在分散了改变我们生活方式的真正任务
    正确答案是E
  • 第十七题 Frustrating maintenance problems associated with geoengineering projects 与地球工程项目相关的令人沮丧的维护问题
    正确答案是E
  • 第十九题 more success in fighting climate change in some parts of the world than others 在世界某些地区打击气候变化方面的成功要比其他地区更大
    正确答案是A
    but a few countries are making major strides in this regard, the majority are having great difficulty even stemming the rate of increase, let alone reversing.
    但少数国家正在这方面取得重大进展，大多数国家甚至很难阻止增长速度，更不用说扭转了。
    a few countries are making major strides = more success some parts of the world than others
    第二十题到24题是段落大意概括，非常难
  • 第二十题 第二十一、二十二、二十三、二十四题
  • 第二十五题 Phil Rasch的观点是什么？
    Geoengineering only offers a short-term relief.
    答案选C，地球工程只能短期缓解。
    ‘I think all of US agree that if we were to end geoengineering on a given day, then the planet would return to its pre-engineered condition very rapidly, and probably within 10 to 20 years’ says Dr Phil Rasch, chief scientist for climate change at the US-based Pacific Northwest National Laboratory.

生词笔记2

geoengineering 地球工程 “Geoengineering” 是一个术语，指的是通过人为手段来改变地球的环境系统，以应对气候变化或其他环境挑战的方法和技术。
volcanic explosions火山爆炸
birch trees桦树
cop-out逃避责任或避免承担责任的行为或做法
put forward 提出观点、建议
ice cap位于地球极地或高山地区的厚冰覆盖层
scheme 计划或方案
major strides重大进展
outweigh 超过;大于【读作：out魏】
daunting prospect令人生畏的前景
in this regard在这一点上
overshoot超过，越过(预定地点);超过(原计划)

Rainwater Harvesting雨水收集

正确率：6/13

  • 第28题 What is the major way for local people make barely support of living in Muthukandiya village? 当地人在Muthukandiya村勉强维持生计的主要方式是什么？
    “barely support” - “insufficient to support”
    “local people” - “families”
    在B段落，提到了 Because crop production, which relies entirely on rainfall, is insufficient to support most families,
    因此答案是crop production，作物生产

  • 第30题 What has been dug to supply water for daily household life? 为了日常生活供水而挖掘了什么？
    答案是three wells 井

  • 第32题 Where do the gutters and pipes collect rainwater from? 雨水槽和管道从哪里收集雨水？
    roofs of houses

  • 第33题 What helps the family obtain more water for domestic needs than those relying on only wells and ponds?
    rainwater storage tanks雨水储罐
    Evaluations show clearly that households with rainwater storage tanks have considerably more water for domestic needs than households relying entirely on wells and ponds.
    评估清楚地表明，与完全依赖水井和池塘的家庭相比，有雨水储存罐的家庭有更多的生活用水。

  • 第34题 Most of the government’s actions and other programs have somewhat failed.
    NOT GIVEN

  • 第36题 The cost of rainwater harvesting systems was shared by local villagers and the local government.
    NO
    Just over half the cost was provided by the community, in the form of materials and unskilled labour. Practical Action South Asia contributed the rest, including cement, transport and payment for the skilled labour.
    这道题我虽然找到了原文，但是我以为community = local villagers， Practical Action South Asia = local government
    所以就选择了YES
    Practical Action South Asia 是一个非政府组织（NGO），专注于应对贫困和推动可持续发展的组织。它是Practical Action 组织的南亚分支，Practical Action 是一个国际发展组织，致力于为贫困社区提供可持续解决方案，包括能源、水资源管理、农业、应急响应和气候变化适应等领域。
    Practical Action South Asia 在南亚地区开展各种项目和活动，旨在改善社区的生计、环境和生活条件。他们致力于促进可持续发展、社区参与和技术创新，以帮助社区提高生活质量、减少贫困和提升弱势群体的社会地位。
    该组织的工作范围涵盖了南亚地区的多个国家，包括孟加拉国、印度、尼泊尔和斯里兰卡等国家。通过合作伙伴关系、项目实施和政策倡导，Practical Action South Asia 在南亚地区推动社会变革和可持续发展的实践。
    总之，Practical Action South Asia 是一个非政府组织，专注于应对贫困和推动可持续发展，在南亚地区开展各种项目和活动，以改善社区的生计和生活条件。

  • 第37题 Tanks increase both the amount and quality of the water for domestic use.水箱增加了生活用水的数量和质量。
    YES

    生词笔记3

    prolonged 长期的; 持久的;
    drought干旱
    dug 挖(土);掘(地);寻找，搜寻(物品);凿(洞);(采)掘出;掘得 dig的过去分词和过去式
    wells 井
    cement水泥
    Practical Action是一个非政府组织，专注于应对贫困和推动可持续发展，以改善社区的生计和生活条件。

2022阅读真题笔记

04.06

one

https://ielts-up.com/reading/academic-reading-sample-1.1.html

How clear is the image that springs to mind? springs浮现
Most people can readily conjure images inside their head - known as their mind’s eye
readily = without hesitation
conjure = think 想象 = visualise 想得到
Our memories are often tied up in images, think back to a wedding or first day at school.
tie = 绑住， tied up 被束缚
he struggles to recognise faces.
他很难识别面孔
Ironically，xxx 讽刺性的是,xxx
I asked him what happens when he tries to picture his fiancee. 未婚妻
Ironically, Niel now works in a bookshop, although he largely sticks to the non-fiction aisles.
sticks to 坚持
His condition begs the question what is going on inside his picture-less mind.
begs the question 引出了问题
I know today she has her hair up at the back, she’s brunette.她是黑发的。
Being unable to reminisce about his mother years after her death led to him being “extremely distraught”.
reminisce = recall 回忆= remember
distraught = confused 烦恼的
At the other end of the spectrum is children’s book illustrator,
spectrum = 范围 = range
illustrator = 插画作者
He is adamant that aphantasia is “not a disorder”
adamant that = 坚持认为, disorder = illness
because they have been trying to explain to people for years that there is this oddity that they find hard to convey to others
Oddity = 怪癖/怪人

Only a small fraction of people have imagination as vibrant as Lauren does.
vibrant = full of energy

How we imagine is clearly very subjective - one person’s vivid scene could be another’s grainy picture.
subjective = 主观的
grainy picture = 颗粒状画面

04.07

Life lessons from villains, crooks and gangsters
从恶棍、骗子和黑帮学到的人生教训
A notorious Mexican drug baron’s audacious escape from prison in July doesn’t, at first, appear to have much to teach corporate boards.
notorious 臭名昭著的
Mexican drug baron’s 墨西哥毒贩
audacious 大胆的
appear to have much to teach corporate boards. 看起来对公司管理层并无任何教育意义
organised crime syndicates, computer hackers, pirates 有组织的犯罪集团、计算机黑客、海盗
how to hustle and respond to rapid change. 如何推动和应对快速变化
There is a nimbleness to criminal organisations that legacy corporations [with large, complex layers of management] don’t have,
敏捷性
Joaquin Guzman, the head of the Mexican Sinaloa drug cartel, for instance, slipped out of his prison cell through a tiny hole in his shower that led to a mile-long tunnel fitted with lights and ventilation.
drug cartel 贩毒集团，cartel = cooperation
slipped out of his prison cell 溜出监狱
ventilation 通风
perseverance 毅力
Devin Liddell condemns the violence and other illegal activities he became curious as to how criminal groups endure.
condemns = 谴责
It built a vast underground tunnel, hired family members as border agents and even used a catapult to circumvent a high-tech fence.
catapult 弹射，投石
fence = 围栏
border = 边界
The brand has all but faded from view.
brand = 品牌，这个品牌几乎从人们的视野中消失了。
Far from encouraging illegality, these gurus argue that – in the same way big corporations sometimes emulate start-ups – business leaders could learn from the underworld about flexibility, innovation and the ability to pivot quickly.
并不是鼓励违法，
sometimes emulate start-ups 向初创公司看齐，竞争emulate

The airtight bulkhead between its cabin and tail tore open.
airtight = 气密，密闭
bulkhead = 隔板
cabin = 舱
tail = 尾部
tore open = 撕破 = tear = rend = break off

解题技巧

https://ielts-up.com/reading/true-false-not-given-lesson.html
雅思阅读第一课，选择 / 对/ 错/未给出
回答策略： 先阅读第一段，寻找第一段给出的问题，如果找到了答案，仔细阅读整段话。
如果没有答案，继续看下一段。重复这个策略

小贴士：

  1. 不要只看关键词，要看整个问题和有答案的整个段落
  2. ofen, always ,never ,some可以完全改变问题的意思，小心！
  3. 第四个问题的答案经常在问题3和问题5中间。
  4. 如果你没有找到一些问题的答案，不用花费太多时间。可能这个信息在text中没有给出。

雅思阅读第二题，阅读第一个问题并标出关键词
从头开始阅读文本，同时扫描与问题相关的信息。
一旦你在文本中找到关键词或它们的同义词 - 寻找答案（它应该在附近的某个地方）。
如果你找到了答案，请阅读接下来的几行文本以确保它是正确的。 另外，重新阅读问题。

04.08

Cause of the problems = 问题的原因
Regression = recovery
Commutes have become common in Ireland nowadays 如今，通勤在爱尔兰变得很普遍

04.09

Sleep-deprivation may be the cause of anorexia.
睡眠不足可能是厌食症的原因。

The real squid appeared to be balletic and mesmeric
squid 乌贼
芭蕾舞的, 催眠术

It could not have been further from the gnashing, human-destroying creature of myth and literature.
further from 相去甚远
gnash 咬牙切齿
myth and literature 神话与文学
specimen 标本

Urine samples 尿液样本

Can detect very small tumours 肿瘤

Dogs and cats can sniff out different diseases.
题目中只说了狗可以检测不同疾病，没有说猫可以。正确答案是not given，而不是false

Electronic 电子的

Lab tests to understand what these highly-trained dogs are smelling could then inform the development of ‘electronic noses’ to detect the same molecules
了解这些训练有素的狗闻到什么气味的实验室测试可以为“电子鼻”的发展提供信息，以检测相同的分子

04.10

雅思完形填空没有时间去找关键词怎么办？
not given和false不知道选哪个怎么办

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　FALSE

　　1. 题目偷换原文概念

　　原文：

　　It was named the Silk Road after its most precious commodity, which was considered to be worth more than gold.

　　题目：

　　Gold was the most valuable material transported along the Silk Road.

　　分析：

　　原文意思是丝绸是最贵的商品，而题目意思是黄金是最有价值的物品。该题虽然没有出现反义词，但是根据原文就可以明确推断出最贵的商品是丝绸，而不是黄金.因此题目张冠李戴，答案选FALSE。

　　2. 题目和原文信息相反

　　原文：

　　These gondolas always weigh the same, whether or not they are carrying boats.

　　题目：

　　The weight of the gondolas varies according to the size of being carried.

　　分析：

　　题目中的varies与原文中的same构成反义词，两个词表达的含义截然相反，所以答案选FALSE。
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　NOT GIVEN

　　1. 原文大范围，题目小范围

　　原文：

　　The tourist mainly comes from Europe

　　题目：

　　The tourist mainly comes from the UK

　　分析：

　　欧洲和英国是具有“包含关系”的两种概念，原文说游客来自欧洲 - 大范围，而题目说游客来自英国 - 小范围，那么原文信息中游客来自欧洲，他们有可能来自英国，也有可能来自法国、意大利等等其它欧洲国家，因此题目中游客来自英国只是原文的一种可能性，我们无法判断其正误，所以答案是NOT GIVEN。

　　2. 根据原文信息无法推断题目描述的关系

　　原文：

　　Lower secondary schools in Japan cover three school years, from the seventh grade (age 13) to the ninth grade (age 15). Virtually all pupils at this stage attend state schools: only 3 per cent are in the private sector. Schools are usually modern in design, set well back from the road and spacious inside.

　　题目：

　　Private schools in Japan are more modern and spacious than state-run lower secondary schools.

　　分析：

　　虽然题目中的Private school和lower secondary schools都提到了，modern and spacious也提到了，但是题目中的比较关系more than根据原文信息无法推断，所以答案就是NOT GIVEN。

　　3. 题目信息在原文中没有提及

　　原文：

　　On the other hand, dams, aqueducts and other kinds of infrastructure will still have to be built, particularly in developing countries where basic human needs have not been met. But such projects must be built to higher specifications and with more accountability to local people and their environment than in the past. And even in regions where new projects seem warranted, we must find ways to meet demands with fewer resources, respecting ecological criteria and to a smaller budget.

　　题目：

　　In the future, governments should maintain ownership of water infrastructures.

　　分析：

　　原文只提到了water infrastructures，和governments和ownership并没有什么关系，因此选NOT GIVEN。

如何准备雅思阅读？

学习雅思阅读测试的阅读策略

你可能习惯于慢慢仔细地阅读每一个单词，以理解课文的每一个句子。但是雅思阅读考试时间有限，所以你必须学习略读和扫描等阅读技巧。略读是快速阅读文本以获取其主要思想。扫描意味着搜索文本中的特定短语以回答一些问题。学习这些阅读技巧的最好方法是完成雅思阅读样本，练习快速阅读和回答问题。

为不同类型的雅思阅读问题开发技巧

一旦你练习了雅思阅读样本，你应该知道你擅长和不擅长哪些类型的问题。例如，您可能很容易完成对/错/未给出的问题，但在匹配段落时遇到问题。所以你应该分别练习每一种对你来说很难的问题，并针对这些问题类型发展你的技能。

试试雅思阅读技巧和窍门

很多考生因为犯了简单的错误而在雅思阅读中失分。为避免这种情况，检查雅思阅读技巧是个好主意，这将帮助您学习一些有用的技巧来提高您的雅思阅读成绩而无需付出太多努力。

04.14

anomaly 异常
Equipment which measures magnetic fields 测量磁场的设备
Sager believes that the magnetic anomalies were caused by something more than Simply eruptions from the ridges.
ridge = 山岭

04.17

Dark matter particles may have interacted extensively with normal matter long ago, when the universe was very hot, a new study suggests.
Dark matter
normal matter
一项新的研究表明，暗物质粒子可能在很久以前就与正常物质发生了广泛的相互作用，当时宇宙非常热。

The nature of dark matter is currently one of the greatest mysteries in science.
暗物质的本质是目前科学界最大的谜团之一。

The invisible substance — which is detectable via its gravitational influence on “normal” matter - is thought to make up five-sixths of all matter in the universe.
gravitational influence 引力
five-sixths of all matter 所有物质的六分之五

04.20

雅思写作的锻炼方式
把阅读题由英文翻译成中文，然后把中文当作写作题去做。做完以后再对比自己写的，和原文的区别。
https://ielts-up.com/reading/academic-reading-sample-6.1.html
正确率 13/16 缺点：做的太慢了

美国人通常以积极乐观的人生观而闻名，但随着 11 月总统大选的倒计时正在进行中，民意调查显示选民很生气。 这或许可以解释共和党唐纳德特朗普和民主党伯尼桑德斯等非主流候选人的成功。 但是，是什么助长了挫败感？

04.28

今天花一个小时做了40道题对了30道，分数雅思7
11/16
11/12
8/12

Britain 英国
British 英国人
Britain
British

06.21

  1. disheveled
  2. baffling ,选择c, puzzling复杂的
  3. lenient，选择e, severe 严格的, 正确选项b
  4. repulsive
  5. audacious
  6. parry
  7. prevalent 选择e, widespread
  8. ominous
  9. incredible，选择d, unbelievable
  10. ophthalmologist
  11. supersede
  12. anonymous ,选择d, one whose name is not known
  13. autopsy
  14. indefatigable
  15. atheist
  16. loguacity
  17. glib
  18. incorrigible
  19. ocular ，选择a, unexpected，正确选择c
  20. damagogue
  21. naive
  22. affluence
  23. retrospect
  24. gourmet
  25. simulate，选择a, pretend
  26. magnanimous
  27. clandestine
  28. apathetic
  29. placate
  30. vacillate
  31. nostalgic
  32. antipathy ,选择d, hostility
  33. circumspect
  34. intrepid
  35. diaphanous
  36. taciturn
  37. malign
  38. congenital
  39. neurosis ,选择d,feeling of fear 正确选择b
  40. unequivocal
  41. vicarious
  42. psychogenic
  43. anachronous
  44. iconoclastic
  45. tyro
  46. laconic
  47. semantic
  48. cavalier
  49. anomalous
  50. posthumous
  51. enervated
  52. perspicacity
  53. martinet
  54. gregarious
  55. phlematic
  56. inveterate
  57. egregious
  58. cacophony
  59. prurient
  60. uxorious

6分，below average