从今天开始，只做雅思第三篇文章。

第一篇： 书籍评论-《幸福产业：政府和大企业如何操控我们的快乐》

正确率 6/14 ：https://ieltscat.xdf.cn/practice/result/read/6718/808264957B48CFB9

错题一

What is the reviewer’s attitude to advocates of positive psychology? 评论者对积极心理学倡导者的态度是什么？
答案： They are ignorant about the ideas they should be considering.他们对自己应当考虑的观点一无所知。

分析：本题考查评论者对积极心理学倡导者的态度，原文第一段首先引出积极心理学及其主要观点，第二段开头开始进行评论性质的描述： an astonishingly crude and simple-minded way of thinking，之后进行了进一步解释: oblivious to the vast philosophical literature … write as if nothing of any importance had been thought on the subject until it came to their attention，可以看出评论者对积极心理学的倡导者们忽略之前人们的讨论和研究的做法是不满意的，而在后文中也能找到类似的表述：without knowing anything much of him or the school of moral theory he established，D选项的含义与之一致，因此本题答案为D。

crude 粗制的；粗糙的；天然的；粗略的；冒犯的，粗俗的，粗鲁的(尤其有关性的)；大概的；简略的
原文： It is an astonishingly crude and simple-minded way of thinking 这是一种令人惊讶的粗糙且简单化的思维方式。

错题二

The reviewer refers to the Greek philosopher Aristotle in order to suggest that happiness

答案： may not be just pleasure and the absence of pain.

定位词：Aristotle

1.或许不只是愉悦和无痛苦。

2.不应当成为人类的主要目标。

3.不是应当追求的东西。

4.不只是一个抽象概念。

分析：文中第二段提到Bentham的观点：For Bentham it was obvious that the human good consists of pleasure and the absence of pain，之后提到亚里士多德： may have identified happiness with self-realisation in the 4th century BC，并指出这一时代的思想家们似乎在努力处理好对幸福的追求与其他人类价值之间的关系，而这些对Bentham而言只是形而上的或虚构的东西，可见亚里土多德对幸福的定义和思考与Bentham不同，选项中A的表达与此一致，因此本题答案为A。

原文：
The Greek philosopher Aristotle may have identified happiness with self-realisation in the 4th century BC
公元前4世纪，希腊哲学家亚里士多德可能将幸福与自我实现等同起来

错题三

He developed a new way of printing banknotes to increase
答案： security

原文： and to the Bank of England with a design for a printing device that could produce unforgeable banknotes.

第三段第五句：In the 1790s, he wrote to the Home Office suggesting that … with a design for a printing device that could produce unforgeable banknotes.

题目中说到He developed a new way of printing banknotes，这一表达同样出现在第三段第五句，原文中说到a design for a printing devices that could produce unforgeable banknotes，可见这一做法的目的是为了让纸币无法被伪造，从而提高其安全性，选项中security与原文含义一致，本题答案为B。

生词：
unforgeable banknotes不可伪造的钞票

“Banknote” 和 “money” 是相关但不完全相同的概念。

• Banknote（纸币）：指的是由国家或中央银行发行的纸质货币，通常用于日常交易。纸币是一种货币的形式，代表了特定的货币单位。

• Money（货币）：是一个更广泛的概念，包括所有可以用来交换商品和服务的东西。货币不仅包括纸币，还包括硬币、电子货币（如数字钱包里的余额）、银行存款、甚至在某些情况下，贵金属或其他有价值的物品。

因此，纸币（banknote）是一种货币的表现形式，但货币的定义要更广泛，包括所有被接受的支付手段。

错题四

When researching happiness, he investigated possibilities for its
答案： measurement

定位词：Researching happiness, suggested some methods

第四段第一、二句：Bentham was also a pioneer of the ‘ science of happiness ‘. If happiness is to be regarded as a science, it has to be measured, and Bentham suggested two ways in which this might be done.

文中第四段开头说到幸福作为一门科学，需要能够被测量，Bentham提出了两种不同的方法，这与题目中的表达一致，Bentham关注的是对幸福的measurement，本题答案为A。

错题五

One strength of The Happiness Industry is its discussion of the relationship between psychology and economics.
答案：Y
定位词: The happiness industry

文中对应点 第五段第一、二句：The Happiness Industry describes how the project of a science of happiness has become integral to capitalism … how economic problems are being redefined and treated as psychological maladies.

第五段首句出现了《幸福产业》这本书，并说明本书写到了how the project of a science of happiness has become integral to capitalism，并在第二句说明用心理学的方式定义和解决经济学问题是本书的特点，题目表述与原文一致，因此本题答案为YES。

生词： maladies疾病；弊病

错题六

Watson’s ideas have been most influential on governments outside America.
正确答案：NG

Yet Watson’s reductive model is now widely applied, … a ‘Behaviour Insights Team’ has been established by the government to study how people can be encouraged, at minimum cost to the public purse, to live in what are considered to be socially desirable ways.

关于华生研究的影响力，文中第五段第七句中说到now widely applied，并且行为改变也成了goal of governments，之后举了英国的例子，说明华生的理论是如何应用的，但是并没有描述题目中所说的most influential，英国的例子也无法完全代表题目中的governments outside America，因此本题答案为NOT GIVEN。

错题七

A main aim of government should be to increase the happiness of the population.
答案：N

文中对应点 第六段第二句：But whatever its intellectual pedigree, the idea that governments should be responsible for promoting happiness is always a threat to human freedom.

第六段首句首先说明了社会中通过幸福感来激励工人是非常普遍的，但是第二句中通过转折说明了认为政府应当负责增进人们的幸福并不是一件好事，题目表述与原文相反，因此本题答案为NO。
在这句话中，“pedigree” 指的是某个概念或想法的来源或历史背景。它强调了即使某个理念有着深厚的背景或传统，这并不意味着它一定是正确的或不具威胁性的。

生词： pedigree家谱；世系；起源；门第；动物血统记录；动物纯种系谱
“Intellectual pedigree” 是一个短语，用来描述一个思想、理论或概念的智识背景或来源。它涉及该思想的历史发展、影响力以及它在学术或思想领域中的起源和演变。

具体来说：

• Intellectual：与思想、学术或智识有关的。
• Pedigree：指的是某事物的血统或来源背景。

所以，“intellectual pedigree” 就是指某个思想或理论在知识或学术上的起源和发展历史。

在你提到的句子中，“intellectual pedigree” 指的是即便某种思想（如政府应负责促进幸福的想法）有着悠久的智识背景或理论支持，这并不改变它可能对个人自由构成的威胁。

第二篇： 学习知识的目的是什么

第二遍9月19日： 用时8分钟，正确率13/14 https://ieltscat.xdf.cn/practice/result/read/6721/C93125D377311B81

生词

becomes supremely relevant 变得极其重要
supremely = very
relevant 有意义的；有价值的 = important
irrelevant无关的；不相关的；无关紧要的
took my cue 得到了启示
cue提示，信号；暗示
anew 重新
codified已编纂
endeavor 努力；尽力；试图

错题一

第三段的最佳标题是什么

答案： A course title with two meanings
定位词：Course title, two meanings

C段第五句：After all, a subject matter can have principles in the sense of being codified, having rules, as with football or chess, without being principled in the sense of being ethical.

本段提到作者在Principles of Marketing课程上与同学们的对话，并且在第五句中，作者分别提到了in the sense of being codified以及in the sense of being ethical，随后的论证也由此展开，因此本题答案为ii。

错题二

第四段的最佳标题是什么
答案： Applying a theory in an unxexpected context

定位词：a theory, unexpected context

D段第一、二句：Is that obvious? I made the suggestion, which may sound downright crazy in light of the evidence, that perhaps marketing is by definition principled. 本段提到了作者的想法是出人意料的，而他之所以有这种观点，是受到了哲学家康德的影响，随后将关于end与means的理论应用到课程当中，因此本题答案为iv。

错题三

第五段的最佳标题是什么
答案： The equal importance of two key issues

定位词：equal importance

E段第八、九句：My proposal, which I believe would also be Kant’s, is that neither of these attitudes captures the significance of the end to the means of marketing. A field of knowledge or a professional endeavor is defined by both the means and the end; hence both deserve scrutiny. 本段具体论述了关于means及end在具体课程中的体现，也提到了作者是如何看待学生们回答的。其中作者在第八句说明了对目前常见两种attitude的看法:My proposal, which I believe would also be Kant’s, is that…，并在第九句提出自己的观点：A field of knowledge or a professional endeavor is defined by both the means and the end，这与ii选项中“两个问题同等重要”是一致的，因此本题答案为iii。

错题四

Fire science courses are too academic to help people to be good at the job of firefighting.
答案：N

错题五

The writer’s fire science students provided a detailed definition of the purpose of their studies.
答案：N

第三篇： 多语言者的好处

错题一

Observing the ______ of Russian-English bilingual people when asked to select certain objects

B段第六、七句：Some of the most compelling evidence for this phenomenon, called ‘language co-activation’, comes from studying eye movements. A Russian-English bilingual asked to ‘pick up a marker’ from a set of objects would look more at a stamp than someone who doesn’t know Russian. 本题关键词Russian-English出现在文章B段第七句，问的是观察这些实验对象的什么行为，文章第六句中说到对这种现象的研究comes from studying eye movements,按照本题所填词的词性和句义判断，本题答案为eye movements。

答案： eye movements 眼睛的移动

错题二

Bilingual people’s brains process single sounds more efficiently than monolingual people in all situations.

答案：N

参考译文: 双语使用者的大脑在各种情况下都比单语使用者更高效地加工单个声音。

定位词：process single sounds

文中对应点 D段第二、三句： When monolingual and bilingual adolescents listen to simple speech sounds…they show highly similar brain stem responses. When researchers play the same sound to both groups in the presence of background noise, however, the bilingual listeners’ neural response is considerably larger…

文中D段说到了双语使用者和单语使用者在加工声音方面上的大脑差异，其中在没有intervening background noise 的情况下，他们show highly similar brain stemresponses，而in the presence of background noise的情况下，the bilingual listeners’ neural response is considerably larger，因此题目中说在各种情况下，双语使用者的大脑都能更高效加工声音的说法是错误的，因此本题答案为NO。

错题三

an example of how bilingual and monolingual people’s brains respond differently to a certain type of non-verbal auditory input

哪个段落包含以上信息

答案： D段落

参考译文： 关于双语使用者和单语使用者的大脑对非言语声音信息反应不同的例子

定位词： respond differently, non-verbal auditory input

对应D段第二、三句：When monolingual and bilingunal adolescents listen to simple speech sound…they show highly similar brain stem responses. When researchers play the same sound to both groups in the presence of background noise, however, the bilingual listeners’ neural response is considerably larger…

文中D段出现了关于listen to simple speech sounds 的信息，并在第二、三句对双语使用者和单语使用者出现的反应进行了描述，其中第三句说到the bilingual listeners’ neural response is considerably larger，这与题目中brains respond differently一致，因此本题答案为D。

生词： auditory input听觉输入
non-verbal非言语的；不涉及言语的