剑雅20 Test 3-Section 3

https://ieltscat.xdf.cn/intensive/intensive/1828/1/1

1

So,Finn, I’ve done as much as I can for our project on theatre programmes.
how’s your reserch coming alone?
所以芬，我已经把我们关于剧院节目单的项目能做的都做了。你的研究进展得怎么样？

theatre programmes剧院节目

2

ok, maya, I didn’t know theater programmes acord play build in the USA to I start into the topic.
答案：
ok, maya, I didn’t know theater programmes are called playbills in the USA till I started looking into the topic.

还不错，玛雅。我一开始研究这个主题才发现，在美国剧院节目单叫“playbills”（演出单）。

3

Even though I struggle to find many useful websites,
I’m glad we picked this subject,
no one else on the courses is doing the same with us
although it is one the research area module convena.
答案：
Even though I struggled to find many useful websites,
I’m glad we picked this subject,
no one else on the course is doing the same with us,
although it is one of the research areas module convenor.
虽然我找有用的网站时遇到了不少困难，但我还是很高兴我们选了这个题目。班上没有其他同学和我们做一样的课题，尽管这其实是课程负责人研究领域之一。

convenor召集人

4

that might actually put some people off.
这可能反而会让人却步。

5

I supposed so.
anywhy I hadn’t realize there are actually company specialising in creating theater program.
我想也是。不管怎样，我之前没意识到居然还有专门制作剧院节目单的公司。

6

yes, they are quite common nowadays.
Contrary to what many people think
theaters don’t hire people to do the programmes, in fact companies buy the right to publish programmes on the theater’s behalf and then make their money selling advertising space within the programme booklet.
是的，现在这些公司很常见。很多人不知道的是，其实剧院不会雇人来制作节目单，而是由公司购买剧院授权，代表剧院出版节目单，再通过销售里面的广告位赚钱。

7

it must be easy for theaters to do it that way

9

I remember reading something about programs in early British theater
It said that the cars is always important.
答案：
I remember reading something about programmes in early British theater.
It said that the cast was always very important.
我记得读到过早期英国剧院节目单的内容。里面提到演员名单一直都很重要。

10

yeah, audiences were very familair with leading actors, and big names would draw huge crowds.
是的，观众对主要演员都非常熟悉，有名气的演员往往会吸引大量观众。

11

but I hadn’t realize that if the programme named a famous actor that who public expected to the phone .

答案：
but I hadn’t realize that if the programme named a famous actor, that’s who the public expected to perform.

但我没想到的是，如果节目单上写了某位著名演员的名字，公众就会期待他本人出演。

12

and if that didn’t happen, people accused the theater of breaking their agreement with audience,
they would demand refund, and, if they didn’t get them, they were riots.

were riots发生骚乱

13

outrages, that never happen now.
答案：
outrageous. That’d never happen now.
真是难以置信。现在可不会发生这种事了。

14

no, people are too polite.
even when they are disappointed to started of the show performence

no, people are too polite.
even when they are disappointed if the star of the show misses a performence.

是啊，现在大家太有礼貌了，即使他们对主角缺席感到失望也不会怎么样。

15

we should definitely include that information about early audiences in our project
I also think it’s important to mention that a lots of audinery people at that time were illeterate
so theater programme were a limited value in advertising place.
答案：
we should definitely include that information about early audiences in our project.
I also think it’s important to mention that a lots of ordinary people at that time were illiterate,
so theater programmes were of limited value in advertising plays.
我们应该在项目中加入这段关于早期观众反应的信息。我还觉得很重要的一点是，当时很多普通人并不识字，所以剧院节目单作为宣传工具的作用非常有限。

16

when a company act arived the town they peraed around the street in that costume.
beating drum and annoucing that outcoming performence.

when a company of actors arrived in the town, they’d parade around the streets in their costumes.
beating drums and annoucing their upcoming performances.

17

interesting, I could imagine that happening now either.

18

That’s also interesting comparison to make between 18th to 19th century programmes.
还有一个有趣的对比是在十八世纪和十九世纪的节目单之间。

19

wasn’t it in the 19 century that theater programmes started to resemble programmes today?

20

yes, and unlike programmes from 18th century they always used color.
对的。而且不像十八世纪的节目单，十九世纪的节目单几乎都会使用彩色印刷。

21

and there was a greater variety of designs,
but personally, I think 18 century programmes were superior
because they told the theater-goers so many things, including about the actors.
设计风格也更加多样。但就我个人而言，我觉得十八世纪的节目单更好，因为它们提供了很多信息，比如关于演员的内容。

22

and about the writer, the plot, and sometimes the history of the play.

23

that’s right, what should we say about theater programmes in the 20th century.

24

I record most important thing is the dramatic change they underwent during world war 2.

答案：
I reckon the most important thing is the dramatic change they underwent during world war 2.

reckon 认为；估计；想；估算

25

when the gorvernment imposed restrictions on the use of paper.

26

yeah, but it was only in the UK,
In the USA, programmes or rather playbills continue to be published in the same fullmat.
答案：
yeah, but that was only in the UK,
In the USA, programmes or rather playbills continue to be published in the same format.
是的，不过那只是在英国。在美国，节目单——或者说是演出单——仍然以原来的格式继续出版。

27

well, here in the UK, programmes became nearly a single sheet of paper folded to create
full pages for taxed
答案：
well, here in the UK, programmes became merely a single sheet of paper folded to create
four pages for text.
而在英国这里，节目单变成只是一张折成四页的纸。

28

what I don’t really get is that after the war
they didn’t go back to be more than one sheets, or changing anyway for over 25 years.
答案：
what I don’t really get is that after the war
they didn’t go back to be more than one sheets, or change in anyway for over 25 years.
我不太明白的是，战争结束后，节目单并没有恢复成多页的形式，也没有任何显著的变化，这种情况持续了超过二十五年。

29

I know that paper after the wall, but only for 5 or 10 years.
答案：
I know that paper shortages after the wall, but only for 5 or 10 years.

30\31

strange
I got some pictures of programmes we could include on slides for our presentation.
我有一些节目单的照片，我们可以放在演示文稿的幻灯片里展示。

33

I find a couple too maya, let’s go through and see what we think.

34

and this is the old one, for a play called Ruy Blas.

35

never heard of that, but the programme looks decrative.
答案：
never heard of that, but the programme looks very decorative.

36

good enough to put in the frame on the wall,
the images is just beautiful
Finn, what did you find?
漂亮得可以装进画框挂在墙上。图片真的太美了。芬，你找到了什么？

37

I’ve got some pages from a programme for men of the mencha,
I thought it was a good programme to show, not beacuse of the pictures, but beacuse it contents articles written by members of the theater company.
答案：
I’ve got some pages from a programme for Men of La Mancha,
I thought it was a good programme to show, not beacuse of the pictures, but because it contains articles written by members of the theater company.
我这里有《梦幻骑士》节目的几页内容。我觉得它值得展示，不是因为它的图片，而是因为它刊登了剧团成员撰写的文章。

38

So we can learn how the production was created, and thoughts and feelings of the cast.
这样我们可以了解到整部剧是怎么创作出来的，以及演员们的想法和感受。

39

good, I’ve got a copy of programme that’s now in the museum,
It’s for the tragedy of Jane shore, and it’s said to be the earliest surviving document to have been printed on Australia’s first printing press.
很好。我还有一份节目单的复印件，现在它保存在博物馆里。这是《简·肖尔的悲剧》，据说是在澳大利亚第一台印刷机上印制的最早文献之一。

40

fantastic

another programme to talk about is for A Sailor's Festival,
it comes from the British library digitised collection of the programmes that was started a few years ago
另外一张要提的节目单是为《水手节》准备的。它来自几年前启动的英国图书馆数字化节目单收藏。

41

It already compraises over 200 thousands programmes which is amazing.
答案：
It already comprises over 2 hundred thousand programmes which is amazing.

comprise包括;由…组成

剑雅20 Test 3-Section 4

2

but what does that mean exactly.
但这到底是什么意思呢？

3

well, it’s simply means designing products that spend economics social and curtual varies.
答案：
well，it simply means designing products that span economic, social and cultural barriers.
简单来说，就是设计能够跨越经济、社会和文化障碍的产品。

span barriers 跨越障碍；克服阻碍

4

it means making sure products are exsible so that is many differents type of people that possible
can use them without any type of
having to be made original design
答案：
it means making sure products are accessible so that as many different types of people as possible
can use them without any type of adaptation
having to be made to the original design.

adaptation适应；改编

5

Inclusive design is often linked with universal design, although there are not quite the same thing.
答案：
Inclusive design is often linked with universal design, although they are not quite the same thing.
包容性设计常常与“通用设计”联系在一起，尽管两者并不完全相同。

6

Universal design aims to make products that work for everyone and that includes considering the needs of people who have cognitive difficulties which can present quite a challenge.
通用设计的目标是制造适合所有人使用的产品，包括考虑那些有认知困难的人群的需求，这可能是一个相当大的挑战。

present quite a challenge带来了相当大的挑战；提出了不小的难题

7

today, example of successful inclusive design can be seem all around us
如今，成功的包容性设计的例子随处可见。

8

In work places, it’s common to see desks which can be a justage to suit people of different heights
答案：
In workplaces, it’s common to see desks which can be a adjusted to suit people of different heights or for wheelchair users.

9

This still isn’t always the case, however, and is one reason why office workers often suffer from back or neck problems.
然而，这种情况尚未普及，这也是为什么很多办公室工作人员经常出现背部或颈部问题的原因之一。

always the case 总是如此；一向如此

10

you will find another example in the public toilets of countless hotel、airports and offices
taps that you activate by sencer require no pressing otristing movement.
答案：
You’ll find another example in the public toilets of countless hotels, airports and offices.
Taps that you activate by sensor require no pressing or twisting movements.

sensor传感器；感应器
twisting旋转

11

these are not anymore high-genic, there also easy for people with dexterity or mobility issues.

These are not only more hygienic, they’re also easier for people with dexterity or mobility issues.
这些水龙头不仅更加卫生，而且对于行动不便或灵活性较差的人来说也更容易使用。

hygienic卫生

12

The tech industry has been criticised in the past for focusing too much on young comsumers,
but this is changing, many products are now designed with the elderly in mind.
科技行业过去曾因过于关注年轻消费者而受到批评，但这种情况正在改变。现在许多产品是专门为老年人设计的。

13

for example, it’s well known that vision declines with age, and that we also become worse at distinguishing between similar colors;
in particular, shades of blue, which is why software designers rarely create interfaces with this color.
例如，众所周知，人们的视力会随着年龄增长而下降，我们也会变得更难区分相似的颜色，尤其是蓝色色系。这就是为什么软件设计师很少使用这种颜色来创建界面。

rarely 很少

14

Most girl also decline with age, and some people have diffculty doing every day things, like picking up a clock or opening a door
答案：
Motor skills also decline with age, and some people have difficulty doing everyday things, like picking up a cup or opening a door.
人的运动技能也会随着年龄增长而下降，一些人甚至难以完成像拿起杯子或开门这样的日常任务。

15

this can also affect the ability to use a mouse or a keyboard
so voice access is now a routine way of making command.
答案：
this can also affect their ability to use a mouse or keyboard.
so voice access is now a routine way of making commands.
这也会影响他们使用鼠标或键盘的能力。因此，语音控制现已成为一种常规的操作方式。

16

It’s worth looking at the problems not inclusive design cause when not enough consideration is given to a range of users, as it can have a serious impact on people’s life.
答案：
It’s worth looking at the problems non-inclusive designs cause when not enough consideration is given to a range of users, as it can have a serious impact on people’s lives.
值得一看的是，当没有充分考虑到各种用户需求时，非包容性设计会带来哪些问题，因为这些问题可能会对人们的生活造成严重影响。

17

access is one obvious example because it has such a huge impact on disabled people’s independence.
可及性就是一个明显的例子，因为它对残疾人的独立性有着巨大的影响。

18

not being able to access public transport because buses or trains are not will friendly
means many disabled people can’t go out unless someone go with them.
答案：
Not being able to access public transport because buses or trains are not wheelchair-friendly
means many disabled people can’t go out unless someone goes with them.
如果因为公交车或火车不适合轮椅使用者而无法使用公共交通工具，就意味着许多残疾人除非有人陪同，否则根本无法外出。

19

safety is another issue, inexplectly most car are still crush tested using a dummy based on average side on male.
答案：
safety is another issue, inexplicably, most cars are still crush-tested using a dummy based on an average-sized on male.
安全也是一个问题。令人费解的是，大多数汽车仍然使用基于平均体型男性的假人来进行碰撞测试。

inexplicably令人费解的是

20

This has safety implications for all women, particularly those who are pregnant, as the seatbelts worn by the dummy are not adapted to accommodate them.
这对所有女性，特别是孕妇的安全都会产生影响，因为假人身上佩戴的安全带并没有根据她们的身体特征进行调整。

accommodate them容纳他们

21

over the past 100 years, work places in the UK, half on the hole become considerabaly safer.
答案：
over the past 100 years, workplaces in the UK have, on the whole, become considerably safer.
在过去的一百年里，英国的工作场所总体上变得更加安全了。

on the whole 总的而言

22

employers are legally required to provide well maintain personal protect of equipment or ppe,
anything for gogs to full body suits to works who needed, free of charge
答案：
employers are legally required to provide well-maintain personal protective of equipment or ppe,
anything for goggles to full body suits to workers who need it, free of charge

23

but most PPE is designed to fit men. A recent report found that employers often think, when it comes to female workers,
all they need to do is comply with this legal requirement, is to buy jackets
for example, designed for a small man

但目前大多数的PPE都是按照男性体型设计的。一份近期报告显示，许多雇主认为只要购买针对小体型男性设计的夹克等装备，就能满足法律对女性员工的要求。

comply with遵守；服从

24

The problem with this, is that women can be told and still have much smaller shoulders than the average men,
ill fitting PPE such as high vest, body armer can put women at risks
答案：
The problem with this, is that women can be tall and still have much smaller shoulders than the average man.
ill-fitting PPE such as hi-vis jackets, vests and body armour can put women at risks.

hi-vis jackets安全马甲；反光衣
body armour 防弹衣

25

The report found 95% of women said that PPE often hampered their work
and that this problem was worst in the emergency services,
particularly the police.

答案： hampered 妨碍；阻碍

26

Another problem is related to comfort work.

答案：
Another problem is related to comfort at work.
还有一个问题与职场中的舒适度有关。

27

a very common sinario in offices in summer time, is to seen women wrapt in blanket or wearing sweaters while air-conditioning is on high
答案：
a very common scenario in offices in summertime, is to see women wrapped in blankets or wearing sweaters while the air-conditioning is on high.
夏天办公室里一个非常常见的场景是，女人们裹着毯子或穿着毛衣，而空调开得很低。

28

meanwhile the men are in shorts and T-shirts.
this is due to differences in metabolic rates for men and women.
与此同时，男同事们则穿着短裤和T恤。这是因为男女之间的基础代谢率存在差异。

metabolic rate 代谢率

29

There is a standard setting for air-conditioning to be at temperater of 21 degrees,
designed to suit men,
and in most modern offices it’s not possible to turn the air-conditioning up or down

30

This mean that many offices which mainly employee women are wasting energy by having the air-conditioning set to high
This means that many offices which mainly employ women are wasting energy by having the air conditioning set too high.

31

as you can see from the examples I’ve just mentioned
there are serious consequences for designs which don’t consider the needs of all users.

剑雅20 Test 4-Section 3

1

how are you getting on with your hand writing?
答案：
how are you getting on with the assignment on handwriting?
你那篇关于书写能力的作业做得怎么样了？

2

not too bad. you know.
I hadn't realised that children benefit in so many ways from learning to write.
还不错。你知道吗，我以前不知道孩子们从学习书写中能获得这么多好处。

3

It’s such an important skill and yet, most people think handwriting is less important than in the past, because people hardly ever write by hand these days.

4

yes, and all the evidents suggests children should learn to write by hand before they learn to type
not least because it helps memory.
答案：
yes, and all the evidence suggests children should learn to write by hand before they learn to type
not least because it helps their memory.

5

that’s right, the physical actor writing helps children to remember letters, that’s seems pretty obvious when you think about it
没错。动手写字这个行为本身就能帮助孩子记住字母的形状。仔细想想其实挺明显的。

6

what less of years is how it helps develope their concentration,
they have to sit still and focus on one thing.

答案：
what’s less obvious is how it helps develop their concentration.
They have to sit still and focus on one thing.

7

yeah, that’s aspect of handwriting had never occurred to me before.
对。这方面我以前真的没怎么想过。

occurred to me

8

em, same here. I’m not sure I understand how it improves children’s imagination though.

9

well, that was study which showed that primary age children generated more idea when they were writing by hand
the news in keyboard, I would have guess that would be the case.
答案：
well, there was that study which showed that primary aged children generated more ideas when they were writing by hand than using a keyboard, I would have guessed that would be the case.
嗯，有一项研究显示，小学生在手写时比用键盘能产生更多创意点子。我觉得这也很合理。

10

I’d never associated spacial awareness with hand writing either, I thought spacial awareness was more to do with
knowing where you are in relation to object, or other people.
答案：
I’d never associated spatial awareness with handwriting either, I thought spatial awareness was more to do with
knowing where you are in relation to objects or other people.
嗯，是的。我也从来没把空间意识和手写联系在一起过。我一直以为空间意识是指你对自己在物体或他人周围位置的判断。

11

I thought that too, but good spatial awareness is essential for writting, because you have to space words correctly
答案：
I thought that too, but good spatial awareness is essential for writing, because you have to space words correctly.

12

It’s not just fine motive skills that improved though writing as I don’t wait to assumed.
答案：
It’s not just fine motor skills that improve through writing as I’d always assumed.

原来我以为只是精细动作技能会通过书写得到提高。

13

handwriting is so much harder for children with this practice, who has problem coodinating movement.
答案：
handwriting is so much harder for children with dyspraxia, who have problems coordinating movement.
对于患有动作协调障碍的孩子来说，书写要困难得多，因为他们很难控制身体动作。

14

It’s good there are a lot things you can do in the classroom to help them.

15

they need so much support with letter formation
you need to play a lot of games to help them to disdinguish let it shapes.
it takes a lot patience.
他们在形成字母方面需要更多的支持——你需要玩很多游戏来帮助他们区分不同字母的形状。这很考验耐心。

答案：
they need so much more support with letter formation
you need to play lots of games to help them to distinguish letter shapes.
it takes a lot patience.

16

I liked the idea of using one of those pens that lights up if you press too hard
that’s seems like a really simple solution.

17

yes, absolutely. I’m not sure that much you can do about children with xx very slowly
答案：
yes, absolutely. I’m not sure there's much you can do about children with dyspraxia writing very slowly
是的，确实如此。不过我也不确定有没有办法让患有动作协调障碍的孩子写得更快一些。

18

It’s more important to focus on accuracy, and as they get more confident.
I think they eventually speed up.

19

One quite simple thing you can do is to use grid paper, so they write each letter in a box and that trains them
to space the letters correctly.

grid paper网格纸

20

indeed, that’s more important for legibility than trying to get them to write in a straight line.
没错，比起让他们写出一条直线，清晰的字母间距对辨识度更为重要。

legibility

21

for some children, it might be better to teach them to write on a laptop rather than by hand.
like children with dyslexia.

22

they often really struggle with handwriting and son just give up.
答案：
they often really struggle with handwriting and some just give up.

23

it’s not as for straighting for them if they get things wrong.
on the keyboard they can be more willing to have a goal,
but I read that developing fluency isn’t any faster.
答案：
it’s not as frustrating for them if they get things wrong.
on the keyboard they can be more willing to have a go,
but I read that developing fluency isn’t any faster.

have a go 试试看

24

That’s right.
did you read that article on the benefits of teaching print rather than cursive handwriting with a lot joined up.
答案：
That’s right.
did you read that article on the benefits of teaching print rather than cursive handwriting where the letters are joined up.
没错。你有没有看过那篇关于教印刷体而非连笔草书的好处的文章？

cursive handwriting 连笔书写
print handwriting 手写印刷体

25

In the past cursive writing was certainly consider more stylish and educated.

26

but not anymore, teacher’s attitudes have changed because it’s been proved that cursive is more difficult to learn
especially for children with learning diffculties who find joining up letters really challenging.

27

I agree, I was always worried that my poor handwriting affected my exam result.
and now research show that I was right to worry.

28

I’m sure a lot of students think it’s unfair that they're been judged on their handwriting not just their knowledge.

29

Marks are definitely affected if examiners can’t read the script, that’s why it’s always been so important to teach children to write legibly.

legibly工整的；易读的

30

Do you think the role of handwriting will change in the future?

31

I can’t see that changing much. touch typing still isn’t taught in most schools, which is a shame,
but maybe that won't be necessary in the future, because people will also be able to write by hand on digital devices.

32

anywhy, teachers understand the value of handwriting.
It’s a basic life skill.

33

true. however, the fact is that people are writing by hand less and less and
relying on digital devices.
that does cause some problems.

34

you mean like note taking?
There are a lots of apps for that.

35

and for reading historic documents apparently,
my mom shocked by my awful spelling and the fact my punctuation is really inconsistant,
I think it can put that down to lack practice.
答案：
and for reading historic documents apparently,
But my mom shocked by my awful spelling and the fact my punctuation is really inconsistent,
I think you can put that down to lack of practice.
还有阅读历史文献的时候据说也有问题。但我妈妈总抱怨我拼写差得离谱，标点也非常混乱。我觉得这是因为缺乏练习。

36

I expected so. personally, I miss writing by hand.
I hardly ever writing anything now. I remember my grandparent has such beautiful handwriting and it’s so indivisual
答案：
I expect so. personally, I miss writing by hand.
I hardly ever write anything now. I remember my grandparents had such beautiful handwriting and it was so individual.
应该是这样的。我自己倒是怀念写字的感觉。我现在几乎什么都不写了。我还记得我祖父母那优美的字迹，每个人都有自己的风格。

37

nobody I know would be able to identify my handwriting know, it’s a shame.

38

I know, I feel the same way,
I used to write the diary by hand, and now I do that digitally.
It just seems less effort to do it that way.
我也有同感。我以前还坚持用手写日记，现在改用电子方式了。感觉这样轻松多了。